Educating the Catholic nobleman
Projects and Models in Padua and Poland
Abstract
In the 1560s and 1570s, Cardinal Giovanni Francesco Commendone (1524–1584) and his secretary Antonio Maria Graziani (1537–1611) were entrusted with important papal commissions in German and Polish lands, gaining a deep understanding of the political and religious situation of Central-Eastern Europe. The role of these two papal diplomats is highlighted by their political archives, an extraordinary collection of documents which has been the subject of the research project The Nuncio’s Secret Archives: Papal Diplomacy and European Multi-denominational Societies Before the Thirty Years’ War (NSA), financed by the Italian Ministry of University and Research. This rich documentation, in particular, underscores the importance of Padua in the network of relationships established by Commendone and Graziani. They frequently returned to the university city during breaks in their Alpine missions, taking part in circles and gatherings, and meeting with Venetian patricians, professors, and foreign students. In this context, the correspondence between Graziani and the Polish student Mikołai Tomicki —the son of a prominent nobleman who had embraced the Reformation —is of particular significance. A parallel reading of the letters written by Graziani and those written by Tomicki reveals the educational project offered to the young Pole by the two papal envoys. Moreover, it sheds light on the perspective of Commendone and Graziani, in which diplomacy and culture were closely intertwined.
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Rocznik przyjmuje do druku wyłącznie materiały, które nie wchodzą w żaden konflikt interesów, żaden konflikt z prawem autorskim itp. Redakcja prowadzi działania przeciw: plagiatom, ghostwriting1, guest/honorary authorship2 itp. Autor pracy zbiorowej, który jest pierwszy na liście, bierze na siebie odpowiedzialność i ma obowiązek przedstawić wkład wszystkich współautorów. Jeśli publikacja powstała dzięki dedykowanym środkom finansowym, należy ujawnić to np. w Podziękowaniu, przypisie itp. Ew. przedruki wymagają jawnego zgłoszenia i okazania odpowiedniego pozwolenia wydawniczego. Autorzy / Recenzenci nierzetelni narażają się na reakcję właściwą stosownym instytucjom.
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1 Ma to miejsce, gdy osoba mająca istotny wkład jest pominięta na liście Autorów czy w Podziękowaniu.
2 Zachodzi, gdy na liście autorskiej pojawia się osoba mająca znikomy/żaden udział w pracy.
