Concerning the supposed illusoriness of the self and free will

  • Józef Bremer Instytut Filozofii, Akademia Ignatianum w Krakowie

Abstract

Many philosophers, psychologists and neuroscientists argue for the thesis that both the self and free will - as commonly understood by us - are illusions created by our nervous system. An example of such a line of argument can be found in Bruce Hood’s book `The Self Illusion: How the Social Brain Creates Identity'. I first consider the main ideas put forward by Hood in support of the view that the self and free will are illusions. Then I turn to criticisms of his arguments regarding the illusoriness of the self, citing arguments from philosophy and neuroscience. In criticizing his arguments for the illusoriness of free will, I advocate compatibilism and seek to focus on the elucidation of research into our everyday intuitions relating to free will.

References

Baime, M. (2011), 'This is your brain on mindfulness', Shambhala Sun((July)), 45--48, 84--85.

Blackmore, S. (2005), Consciousness. A~very short introduction, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, New York.

Bremer, J. (2008 (wyd.~1), 2014 (wyd.~2)), Osoba — fikcja czy rzeczywistość. Tożsamość i~jedność. Ja w~świetle badań neurologicznych, Aureus, Kraków.

Bremer, J. (2005), Jak to jest być świadomym. Analityczne teorie umysłu a~problem neuronalnych podstaw świadomości, IFiS PAN, Warszawa.

Bremer, J. (2010), Wprowadzenie do filozofii umysłu, Wydawnictwo WAM, Kraków.

Bremer, J. (2013), Czy wolna wola jest wolna? Kompatybilizm na tle badań interdyscyplinarnych, Wydawnictwo WAM, Kraków.

Castagnoli, L. (2010), Ancient self-refutation: the logic and history of the self-refutation argument from Democritus to Augustine, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, New York.

Dennett, D. C. (1991), Consciousness explained, Little, Brown and Co., Boston.

Di Francesco, M. & Marraffa, M. (2013), 'The unconscious, consciousness, and the Self illusion', Dialogues in Philosophy, Mental and Neuro Sciences(6(1)), 10--22.

Falewicz, A. & Bak, W. (2016), 'Private vs. public self-consciousness and self-discrepancies', Current Issues in Personality Psychology(4(1)), 58--64.

Geisler, W. S. & Kersten, D. (2002), 'Illusions, perception and Bayes', Nature Neuroscience(5(6)), 508--510.

Gmeindl, L.; Chiu, Y. C.; Esterman, M. S.; Greenberg, A. S.; Courtney, S. M. & Yantis, S. (2016), 'Tracking the will to attend: Cortical activity indexes self-generated, voluntary shifts of attention, Attention, Perception', Psychophysics(78(7)), 2176--2184.

Greene, J. & Cohen, J. (2004), 'For the law, neuroscience changes nothing and everything', Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B(359(1451)), 1775--1785.

Harris, S. (2012), Free will, Free Press, New York.

Harris, S. & Hood, B. (2012), 'In what sense is self an illusion? — Bruce Hood interviewed by Sam Harris', The Radical Humanist(76(5)), 5--7.

Hood, B. (2012), The self illusion: How the social brain creates identity, Oxford University Press, Oxford, New York.

Johnson, S. P.Rubenstein, J.; Rakic, P. & Tager-Flusberg, H., ed., (2013), Development of the visual system, Elsevier, Oxford, UK, pp. 249--269.

Marraffa, M. (2014), 'The unconscious, self-consciousness, and responsibility', Rivista Internazionale di Filosofia e Psicologia(5(2)), 207--220.

Metzinger, T.Greve, W., ed., (2000), Die Selbstmodell-Theorie der Subjektivität. Eine Kurzdarstellung für Nicht-Philosophen in fünf Schritten, Psychologie Verlag Union, Weinheim, pp. 317--336.

Nahmias, E.Kane, R., ed., (2011), Intuitions about free will, determinism and bypassing, Oxford University Press, Oxford, New York, pp. 555--576.

Nahmias, E.; Morris, S.; Nadelhoffer, T. & Turner, J. (2005), 'Surveying freedom: Folk intuitions about free will and moral responsibility', Philosophical Psychology(18(5)), 561--584.

Nahmias, E. & Murray, D.Aguilar, J. H.; Buckareff, A. A. & Frankish, K., ed., (2011), Experimental philosophy on free will: An error theory for incompatibilist intuitions, Palgrave Macmillan, New York, pp. 189--216.

Rager, G. & von Brück, M. (2012), Grundzüge einer modernen Anthropologie, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen.

Searle, J. R. (2010), Umysł. Krótkie wprowadzenie, Rebis, Poznań.

Van Inwagen, P.Feinberg, J. & Shafer-Landau, R., ed., (2013), Freedom of the will, Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, Boston, pp. 409--418.

Wegner, D. M. (2002), The illusion of conscious will, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.

(), Free will, Merriam-Webster, Incorporated.

Published
2017-07-15
How to Cite
Bremer, J. (2017). Concerning the supposed illusoriness of the self and free will. The Ignatianum Philosophical Yearbook, 23(1), 22–47. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.827361
Section
Peer-reviewed articles