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Submission Procedure
General Rules Related to In-Text Citations
In-text citations are usually presented in two ways:
Parenthetical citation
The author and date appear within parentheses:
(Patuck, 2020)
(Sánchez, 2015, p. 51)
(Slančová, 1999, pp. 29–30)
(Berg, 1968; Capitani, 2000; Dalli, 1978) - if you want to include several different citations in one set of brackets, they should be in alphabetical order, separated by a semi-colon; not chronologically
Narrative citation
The author appears in the text with the date in parentheses:
Cohen, has shown that children’s ……… (2015, pp. 448–449)
Hussey (2017) argue that the positive ………
If you are paraphrasing (restating an idea from a text in your own words) you are not required to provide a page or paragraph number in the in-text citation, but you may include one when it would help the readers locate the relevant passage.
One author
Parenthetical citation: (Hussey, 2017)
Narrative citation: Smith (2014)
Two authors
Parenthetical citation: (Hussey & Smith, 2010)
Narrative citation: Hussey and Smith (2010) argue that the positive …………
Three or more authors
Parenthetical citation: (Buote et al., 2007)
Narrative citation: Buote et al. (2007)
Organization
Parenthetical citation: (Ministry of Education of Spain, 2018)
Narrative citation: Ministry of Education of Spain (2019)
Direct Quotation
A direct quotation reproduces word-for-word material taken directly from another author’s work, or from your own previously published work.
Short Quotations
If the quotation is fewer than 40 words, incorporate it into your paragraph and enclose it in double quotation marks. Place the in-text reference before the full stop.
Kelly highlighted the risks of the opposite stating that educational theorists "having set out their educational principles, have immediately translated these into prescriptions for subject content, and have thus failed to recognize that education consists of learning through subjects rather than the learning of subjects" (Kelly, 2004, p. 201).
Long Quotations
If the quotation comprises 40 or more words, include it in an indented, freestanding block of text, without quotation marks. At the end of a block quotation, cite the quoted source and the page number in parentheses, after the final punctuation mark.
The Capitoline Wolf is a sculpture which is a symbol of Rome. It takes its name from the Capitoline, one of the hills that Rome spread over. It is in the museum located there that one can admire this famous sculpture. The work presents a wolf feeding the twins, Romulus and Remus, who would later become the founders of the city. (Wojciechowski, 2018, p. 77)
A page number is included for a direct quote. Place a comma after the year and use p. for single page, pp. for multiple pages eg. (Harris, 2012, p. 164) or (Lewis, 2016, pp. 56-58).
Include the author, year, and specific page number for that quotation (p. 231 – single page; pp. 45-51 - many pages)
Secondary Sources
In text, name the primary source first, and then give the in-text citation for the secondary source: (“as cited in…, year”).
(Primary Author/s, Original publication date, as cited in Secondary Author/s, Publication date of current source)
Primary Author/s (Original publication date, as cited in Secondary Author/s, Publication date of current source)
(Smith's 2008 as cited in Queenan et al., 2016) found that...
It was found (Smith, 1998, as cited in Jones, 2020, p. 34)
You will need to reference the secondary source (whether that is a book, journal article, web sources etc.) in which you found the original author.
Queenan, H. R., Johnson, F. W., Yili, T. S., Sannefort, M. R, & Langman, R. C. (2017). Cyberbullying in American youth. Oxford University Press.
Jones, A. (2020). Title of the book or article. Publisher or Journal Name, volume number(issue number), pages. URL or DOI
General Rules Related to Reference List
General information:
Book
General: Author(s) of book – family name and initials. (Year). Title of book - italicised. Publisher.
One Author
Faulks, S. (2013). A Possible Life. Vintage Books.
Two Authors
Author(s) of book – family name and initials, use & for multiple authors. (Year). Title of book - italicised. Publisher. DOI or Web address - if available
Barlett, D., Moddy, S., & Kindersley, K. (2010). Dyslexia in the Workplace: An Introductory Guide. John Wiley & Sons.
Three to twenty authors
Biber, D., Conrad, S. & Reppen, R. (1998). Corpus Linguistics: Investigating Language Structure and Use. Cambridge University Press.
More than twenty authors
List by last names and initials; commas separate author names. After the first 19 authors’ names, use an ellipsis in place of the remaining author names. Then, end with the final author's name (do not place an ampersand before it). There should be no more than twenty names in the citation in total.
Example reference for an article with more than 20 authors
Wiskunde, B., Arslan, M., Fischer, P., Nowak, L., Van den Berg, O., Coetzee, L., Juárez, U., Riyaziyyat, E., Wang, C., Zhang, I., Li, P., Yang, R., Kumar, B., Xu, A., Martinez, R., McIntosh, V., Ibáñez, L. M., Mäkinen, G., Virtanen, E., . . . Kovács, A. (2019). Indie pop rocks mathematics: Twenty One Pilots, Nicolas Bourbaki, and the empty set. Journal of Improbable Mathematics, 27(1), 1935–1968. https://doi.org/10.0000/3mp7y-537
Two or more works by the same author
MacIntyre, A. (1998). Aquinas’s critique of education: Against his own age, against ours. In A. O. Rorty (Ed.), Philosophers on education: New historical perspectives (pp. 95–108). Routledge.
MacIntyre, A. (1999). Dependent rational animals: Why human beings need the virtues. Duckworth.
MacIntyre, A. (2001). Catholic universities: Dangers, hopes, choices. In R. E. Sullivan (Ed.), Higher learning and Catholic traditions (pp. 1–21). University of Notre Dame Press.
Two or more works by the same author in the same year
MacIntyre, A. (2006a). The tasks of philosophy: Selected essays. Cambridge University Press.
MacIntyre, A. (2006b). Ethics and Politics. Selected Essays. Cambridge University Press.
MacIntyre, A. (2006c). Edith Stein: A philosophical prologue (1913–1922). Rowman & Littlefield.
Article or chapter in an edited book
General:
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year of publication). Title of chapter. In E. E. Editor & F. F. Editor (Eds.), Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle (pp. pages of chapter). Publisher.
Chase, N. (1999). An overview of theory, research, and societal issues. In N. Chase (Ed.), Burdened children (pp. 3-33). Guilford Press.
Whole edited book
Biling, Sh., & Furco, A. (Eds.). (2002). Service-Learning Through a Multidisciplinary Lens, Information Age Publishing.
Translated book
Kant, I. (1984). Uzasadnienie metafizyki moralności [Groundwork of the metaphysics of morals] (M. Wartenberg, Trans.; 3rd ed.). Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe. (Original work published 1785)
Atienza, R. J.; & Go, J. C. (2023). Uczenie się przez refrakcję. Praktyczny przewodnik po pedagogice ignacjańskiej XXI wieku [Learning by refraction. A Practitioner’s guide to 21-st Century ignatian pedagogy] (K. Lewicka, Trans.). Wydawnictwo WAM. (Original work published 2019)
Article in journal
General:
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume number(issue number), pages. https://doi.org/xx.xxx/yyyy
Szymańska, M. (2020). Learning Reflective Practice Skills with the Use of Narrative Techniques. Multidisciplinary Journal of School Education, 09(17), 101-118. https://doi.org/10.35765/mjse.2020.0917.06
Website
General:
Lastname, F. M. (Year, Month Date). Title of page. Site name. URL
Daniels, S. (2019, December 22). More than half of adults don’t feel confident talking to deaf people. https://www.ncds.org.uk/dist/images/ndcs-logo.png/
Federal or State Statue, Act of Law
General:
Name of Act, Public Law No. (Year). URL
The Patient Protection Act, Publ. L. No. 111-148, 124 Stat. 119 (2010). https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/PLAW1892.pdf
An entry in an Encyclopedia
Baker, J. S. (2006). Psychoanalysis. In J. S. Baker (Ed.), Encyclopedia Americana (Vol. 15, pp. 26-3284). Encyclopedia Americana.
Conference Proceedings
Jones, A. M., Graham, O. T. (Eds.). (1998). Proceedings from SEE ’98: Synergy of Educational Environments. Erlbaum. https://if.is.available.edu.au
Dissertation, published
Salt, J. B. (2007). New directions in cognitive therapy. [Doctoral dissertation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University]. ProQuest Dissertations
Dissertation, unpublished
Salt, J. B. (2007). New directions in cognitive therapy. [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
Archiving with CLOCKSS
To ensure the long-term survival of our digital content, we rely on a leading online archive provided by CLOCKSS.
Articles in the Multidisciplinary Journal of School Education are available
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© 2020 Multidisciplinary Journal of School Education • Ignatianum University in Cracow
ISSN 2543-7585 • e-ISSN 2543-8409