The Ignatianum Philosophical Yearbook

We present to you a volume devoted to a subject that is both essential to the human condition and deeply complex. The concepts of punishment and reward are fundamental principles that shape social life, yet they are also strikingly relative and subjective. It is not uncommon to encounter situations where a reward for one person becomes a source of trauma for another, effectively serving as a form of punishment. At the same time, these issues are remarkably universal, transcending social divisions and affecting both elites and marginalized groups alike. The study of such matters inevitably gives rise to challenges and controversies, making careful analysis all the more crucial. The most effective approach is to examine them through concrete historical examples, applying the highest standards of scholarly rigor and methodological precision.