Past tense, present stress: Mnemohistory of teacher burnout

Keywords: mnemohistory, teacher burnout, cultural memory, educational policies, historical narratives, stress

Abstract

Research objectives and problem: This viewpoint article aims to reframe teacher burnout through a mnemohistorical lens and address the problem that contemporary discussions of burnout often overlook the influence of historical educational policies and cultural narratives.

Research methods: Adopting a conceptual and comparative approach, the article draws on mnemohistory (the study of collective memory across time) to explore how teachers’ roles and expectations have been shaped across different national contexts, including the UK, Japan, Finland, the USA and Taiwan.

Process of argumentation: The argument develops by tracing how past reforms, policy decisions and cultural expectations continue to structure present-day teaching conditions. It positions burnout as an outcome of historically accumulated pressures and narratives.

Research findings and their impact on the development of educational sciences: The article centres that teacher burnout is bound to mnemohistorical processes and reveals how unresolved historical legacies shape current educational systems. This perspective contributes to educational sciences by introducing a temporally layered understanding of teacher well-being, expanding beyond immediate policy and psychological frameworks.

Conclusions and recommendations: The article concludes that addressing teacher burnout requires historically informed policy approaches that acknowledge these long-term influences. It recommends the development of more sustainable and inclusive educational structures that take into account the historical conditions shaping teachers’ work.

References

Assmann, J. (Ed.). (2010). Moses the Egyptian: The memory of Egypt in western monotheism. Harvard University Press.

Bodenheimer, G., & Shuster, S. M. (2020). Emotional labour, teaching and burnout: Investigating complex relationships. Educational Research, 62(1), 63–76. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131881.2019.1705868

Cao, B., Hassan, N. C., & Omar, M. K. (2024). The impact of social support on burnout among lecturers: A systematic literature review. Behavioral Sciences, 14(8), 727. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14080727

Chang, M.-L. (2009). An appraisal perspective of teacher burnout: Examining the emotional work of teachers. Educational Psychology Review, 21(3), 193–218. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-009-9106-y

Chang, M.-L. (2020). Emotion display rules, emotion regulation, and teacher burnout. Frontiers in Education, 5, 90. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2020.00090

Collcutt, M. (1993). The legacy of Confucianism in Japan. In G. Rozman (Ed.), The east Asian region (pp. 111–154). Princeton University Press.

Dehne, M., Roorda, D. L., Koomen, H. M. Y., & Zee, M. (2025). Under pressure? Exploring the moderating and mediating role of principal–teacher relationships in primary and secondary school teachers’ burnout symptoms. Social Psychology of Education, 28(1), 64. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-025-10023-x

Fang, C.-H., Lee, C.-M., Liou, S.-M., & Chen, Y.-H. (2015). An analysis of the history of Taiwanese character and moral education (1949–2014) and its implications for the 12-year basic education. Journal of Educational Practice and Research, 28(2), 33–58. [Chinese.]

Francisco, C. S., Tupaz, G. B., & Astilla, M. T. B. (2024). Teacher burnout: The lived experiences of teachers with ancillary tasks in a national high school in Leyte. American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Innovation, 3(4), 183–190. https://doi.org/10.54536/ajmri.v3i4.3380

Fwu, B.-J., & Wang, H.-H. (2002). The social status of teachers in Taiwan. Comparative Education, 38(2), 211–224. https://doi.org/10.1080/03050060220140584

Ghanizadeh, A., & Jahedizadeh, S. (2015). Teacher burnout: A review of sources and ramifications. British Journal of Education, Society & Behavioural Science, 6(1), 24–39. https://doi.org/10.9734/BJESBS/2015/15162

Gonzalez, A., Peters, M. L., Orange, A., & Grigsby, B. (2017). The influence of high-stakes testing on teacher self-efficacy and job-related stress. Cambridge Journal of Education, 47(4), 513–531. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305764X.2016.1214237

Grace, G. (2021). Teachers and the state in Britain: A changing relation. In Routledge library editions: Education mini-set N teachers & teacher education research (pp. 193–228). Routledge.

Hamm, J. V., Lee, D., & Farmer, T. W. (2024). Social (dis)integration: Using social ties and networks to understand potential sources of and leverage points for middle school special education teachers’ burnout. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 33(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/10634266241237998

Huang, Y.-S., & Asghar, A. (2018). Science education reform in Confucian learning cultures: Teachers’ perspectives on policy and practice in Taiwan. Cultural Studies of Science Education, 13(1), 101–131. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11422-016-9762-4

Hung, C.-Y. (2015). Tradition meets pluralism: The receding Confucian values in the Taiwanese citizenship curriculum. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 35(2), 176–190. https://doi.org/10.1080/02188791.2014.934782

Javed, I., & Akhter, N. (2024). Exploring the opportunities and challenges of additional academic duties on the performance of teachers in schools. Journal of Excellence in Social Sciences, 3(2), 203–220. https://doi.org/10.69565/jess.v3i2.361

Jiménez Raya, M., Manzano Vázquez, B., & Vieira, F. (2024). Pedagogies for autonomy in language teacher education: Perspectives on professional learning, identity, and agency. Routledge.

Kidger, J., Turner, N., Hollingworth, W., Evans, R., Bell, S., Brockman, R., Copeland, L., Fisher, H., Harding, S., Powell, J., Araya, R., Campbell, R., Ford, T., Gunnell, D., Murphy, S., & Morris, R. (2021). An intervention to improve teacher well-being support and training to support students in UK high schools (the WISE study): A cluster randomised controlled trial. PLOS Medicine, 18(11), e1003847. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003847

Law, W.-W. (2002). Education reform in Taiwan: A search for a ‘national’ identity through democratisation and Taiwanisation. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 32(1), 61–81. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057920120116535

Le Poidevin, R. (2000). Continuants and continuity. The Monist, 83(3), 381–398.

Lyddon, D. (2015). The changing pattern of UK strikes, 1964–2014. Employee Relations, 37(6), 733–745. https://doi.org/10.1108/ER-05-2015-0084

Mandavkar, P. (2024). Education system in Finland. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4957128

Marshall, D. T., Smith, N. E., Love, S. M., Neugebauer, N. M., & Shannon, D. M. (2024). “At some point we’re going to reach our limit”: Understanding COVID‐19’s impact on teacher burnout and subjective mental health. Psychology in the Schools, 61(3), 793–812. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.23084

Mead, N. (2025). Creative righting: Autoethnographic creative writing as a tool to prevent teacher burnout and attrition. Teachers and Teaching, 31 (7), 1100–1113. https://doi.org/10.1080/13540602.2024.2351962

Morito, T. (1955). Educational reform and its problems in post-war Japan. International Review of Education, 1, 338–351. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01421722

Nagamine, T. (2018). L2 teachers’ professional burnout and emotional stress: Facing frustration and demotivation toward one’s profession in a Japanese EFL context. In J. D. D. Martínez Agudo (Ed.), Emotions in second language teaching (pp. 259–275). Springer.

Pishghadam, R., Adamson, B., Sadafian, S. S., & Kan, F. L. F. (2014). Conceptions of assessment and teacher burnout. Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 21(1), 34–51. https://doi.org/10.1080/0969594X.2013.817382

Pressley, T., Marshall, D. T., & Moore, T. (2024). Understanding teacher burnout following COVID-19. Teacher Development, 28(4), 553–568. https://doi.org/10.1080/13664530.2024.2333982

Pyhältö, K., Pietarinen, J., Haverinen, K., Tikkanen, L., & Soini, T. (2021). Teacher burnout profiles and proactive strategies. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 36(1), 219–242. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10212-020-00465-6

Rautalin, M. (2018). PISA and the criticism of Finnish education: Justifications used in the national media debate. Studies in Higher Education, 43(10), 1778–1791. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2018.1526773

Robinson, L. E., Valido, A., Drescher, A., Woolweaver, A. B., Espelage, D. L., LoMurray, S., Long, A. C. J., Wright, A. A., & Dailey, M. M. (2023). Teachers, stress, and the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative analysis. School Mental Health, 15(1), 78–89. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12310-022-09533-2

Rodríguez‐Hidalgo, A. J., Ruiz‐Córdoba, E., Ortega‐Ruiz, R., Armada‐Crespo, J. M., Hurtado‐Mellado, A., & Dios, I. (2024). Burnout, engagement, and resilience during the COVID‐19 lockdown: Keys to a model for teachers’ self‐efficacy. Journal of School Health, 94(9), 800–807. https://doi.org/10.1111/josh.13491

Rubin, D. I. (2011). The disheartened teacher: Living in the age of standardisation, high-stakes assessments, and no child left behind (NCLB). Changing English, 18(4), 407–416. https://doi.org/10.1080/1358684X.2011.630197

Rudow, B. (1999). Stress and burnout in the teaching profession: European studies, issues, and research perspectives. In R. Vandenberghe & A. M. Huberman (Eds.), Understanding and preventing teacher burnout: A sourcebook of international research and practice (pp. 38–58). Cambridge University Press.

Sahlberg, P. (2007). Education policies for raising student learning: The Finnish approach. Journal of Education Policy, 22(2), 147–171. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680930601158919

Sahlberg, P. (2018). PISA in Finland: An education miracle or an obstacle to change? Center for Educational Policy Studies Journal, 1(3), 119–140. https://doi.org/10.26529/cepsj.418

Skinner, B., Leavey, G., & Rothi, D. (2021). Managerialism and teacher professional identity: Impact on well-being among teachers in the UK. Educational Review, 73(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131911.2018.1556205

Stevenson, H. (2013). Teachers on strike: A struggle for the future of teaching? Forum, 55(3), 415–428. http://dx.doi.org/10.2304/forum.2013.55.3.415

Takagi, R. (2023). Understanding the psychosocial mechanisms of karoshi [Unpublished Master’s thesis]. University of Padova.

Tamm, M. (2024). Mnemohistory. In L. M. Bietti & M. Pogacar (Eds.), The Palgrave encyclopedia of memory studies (pp. 1–6). Springer.

Tsuyuguchi, K. (2021). The relationship between teachers’ career capital and well-being. 愛媛大学教育学部紀要, 68, 101–120.

Tu, W. (Ed.). (1996). Confucian traditions in east Asian modernity: Moral education and economic culture in Japan and the four mini-dragons. Harvard University Press.

Välimaa, J. (2021). Trust in Finnish education: A historical perspective. European Education, 53(3–4), 168–180. https://doi.org/10.1080/10564934.2022.2080563

VanSledright, B. A. (2010). The challenge of rethinking history education. Routledge.

Various. (2021). Routledge library editions: Education mini-set N teachers & teacher education research, 13 vols. Routledge.

Wang, J. S. H. (2011). In the name of legitimacy: Taiwan and overseas Chinese during the Cold War era. China Review, 11(2), 65–90.

Wang, X., Yang, L., Chen, K., & Zheng, Y. (2024). Understanding teacher emotional exhaustion: Exploring the role of teaching motivation, perceived autonomy, and teacher–student relationships. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1342598. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1342598

Wiborg, S. (2017). Teacher unions in England: The end is nigh? In T. M. Moe & S. Wiborg (Eds.), The comparative politics of education (pp. 56–86). Cambridge University Press.

Yu, J., & Bairner, A. (2011). The Confucian legacy and its implications for physical education in Taiwan. European Physical Education Review, 17(2), 219–230. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356336X11413169

Published
2026-06-30
How to Cite
Peng, L. (2026). Past tense, present stress: Mnemohistory of teacher burnout. Multidisciplinary Journal of School Education, 15(1 (29), 191-204. https://doi.org/10.35765/mjse.2026.1529.11