Między przejrzystością a zawłaszczeniem

Własność mediów w Rumunii

Słowa kluczowe: własność mediów, przejrzystość, kontrola mediów, zawłaszczenie mediów

Abstrakt

Niniejszy artykuł analizuje struktury własności mediów, zagrożenia dla przejrzystości oraz wyzwania regulacyjne w Rumunii w ramach edycji projektu Euromedia Ownership Monitor (EurOMo) 2025 – porównawczej inicjatywy badawczej zgodnej z Europejskim Planem Działania na rzecz Demokracji, Europejskim Aktem o Wolności Mediów (EMFA) oraz Dyrektywą w sprawie przeciwdziałania praniu pieniędzy. Opierając się wyłącznie na publicznie dostępnych i weryfikowalnych źródłach, badanie mapuje strukturę własności, relacje kontroli, struktury zarządzania, interesy ekonomiczne, powiązania polityczne oraz zabezpieczenia w ramach polityki publicznej w zróżnicowanej próbie rumuńskich mediów tradycyjnych (legacy media) oraz wpływowych cyfrowych kont informacyjnych. Analiza obejmuje również aktorów medialnych działających na platformach społecznościowych, co odzwierciedla rosnącą rolę mediów społecznościowych – w szczególności TikToka i Facebooka – w konsumpcji newsów w Rumunii. Wyniki wskazują na strukturalnie zróżnicowany i pluralistyczny krajobraz medialny, który pozostaje jednak podatny na znaczące deficyty przejrzystości. Podczas gdy informacje o własności nadawców audiowizualnych są w dużej mierze dostępne dzięki regulacyjnym wymogom ujawniania danych, struktury własnościowe i finansowe prasy, portali internetowych oraz aktorów natywnych dla platform cyfrowych są często niejasne lub możliwe do ustalenia jedynie w sposób pośredni. Kluczowe zidentyfikowane ryzyko dotyczy nietransparentnego przepływu środków publicznych – głównie poprzez wydatki partii politycznych – do sektora mediów, co podważa niezależność redakcyjną i odpowiedzialność publiczną. Dodatkowo rosnąca konwergencja między własnością mediów a sektorami pozamedialnymi, w tym telekomunikacją i public relations, budzi nowe obawy dotyczące wpływu ekonomicznego i politycznego.

Biogramy autorów

Andreea Alina Mogoș, Babeș-Bolyai University

Professor at the Department of Journalism and Digital Media at Babeș-Bolyai University. She holds a PhD in Sociology from Babeș‐Bolyai University and a PhD in Information and Communication Sciences from Université Paris 8 Vincennes–Saint‐Denis, where she completed a dissertation on media representations. Her research employs mixed‐methods approaches to analyse textual and visual media frames, social representations, and information disorders, with a particular focus on disinformation in Central and Eastern Europe.

Hanna Orsolya Vincze, Babeș-Bolyai University

(PhD, Central European University, Budapest) is a Professor in the Department of Communication, Public Relations and Advertising at Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj‐Napoca. Her research focuses on news cultures and intellectual history, with particular attention to the representation of social issues, political language, and questions of translation and transferability. She explores these topics in both historical and contemporary discourses, primarily using corpus‐assisted discourse analysis and computer‐assisted content analysis.

Radu Mihai Meza, Babeș-Bolyai University

Professor in the Department of Journalism and Digital Media at at Babeș-Bolyai University with a background in journalism, computer science, media communication, and sociology. He earned a PhD in Sociology with a dissertation on the structure and dynamics of popular social network systems. His research focuses on online media, media representations, and online hate speech, employing computational methods for data collection and analysis.

Constantin Trofin, Babeș-Bolyai University

Lecturer at the Department of Journalism and Digital Media, Babeș‐Bolyai University, Cluj‐Napoca. His research focuses on visual journalism and political communication, particularly televised electoral campaigns and the recent developments in visual news reporting and production. He holds a PhD in Sociology from Babeș‐Bolyai University. His previous professional experience as a television producer, presenter, and media executive has significantly informed both his teaching and research.

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Opublikowane
2026-09-30
Jak cytować
[1]
Mogoș, A.A., Vincze, H.O., Meza, R.M. i Trofin, C. 2026. Między przejrzystością a zawłaszczeniem: Własność mediów w Rumunii. Perspektywy Kultury. 54, 3 (wrz. 2026), 233-252. DOI:https://doi.org/10.35765/pk.2026.5403.14.