Diagnosis of Mental Disorders in the Works of Physician-Writers

Abstract

Drawing on references from psychiatry, neurology, and philosophy, the author analyzes the works of writers with medical backgrounds: Anton Chekhov, Mikhail Bulgakov, Mieczysław Jarosławski, and Stanisław Lem, focusing on mental illness, its determinants, and methods of treatment. The literary diagnosis of madness breaks with the Romantic topos and the positive, creative aspect of mental illness, revealing its corporeal dimension and associating it with both cognitive deficits and an excess of experiences. The space of the psychiatric hospital is recognized as pathogenic; its descriptions are naturalistic, and the writers unanimously oppose the isolation of mentally ill patients and negatively assess the methods of treatment. However, they differ regarding the determinants of madness: some seek causes in the neuronal system, in anatomical defects that disrupt the flow of impulses (Jarosławski and Lem), while others emphasize the role of the environment and psychoplastic factors (Chekhov and Bulgakov). Both positions have contemporary continuations within neuroscience and the concept of the „embodied mind”.

Published
2026-03-26
How to Cite
[1]
Grodecka, A. 2026. Diagnosis of Mental Disorders in the Works of Physician-Writers. Perspectives on Culture. 52, 1 (Mar. 2026), 93-108. DOI:https://doi.org/10.35765/pk.2025.5201.08.
Section
Medicine, Physicians, and Pharmaceuticals in Culture