Elity w Imperium Osmańskim w XVI w. w świetle traktatu Teodora Spandounesa pt. O pochodzeniu Cesarzy Osmańskich

Piotr  Wróbel

doi:10.35765/pk.2021.3302.03

Piotr Wróbel Jagiellonian University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1332-4181

DOI: https://doi.org/10.35765/pk.2021.3302.03

Keywords: Turkey, Ottomans in the 16th century, elites, Theodore Spandounes

Abstract

Theodore Spandounes was born in the middle of the 15th century to a family of Greek exiles who had found shelter in Italy after the fall of Constantinople. The Spandounes family had not played any significant role in the history of the Byzantine Empire but his mother Eudotia came from the famous Kantakouzenos family. Theodore established close relationships with Popes Clement VII and Paul III, who he advised on Ottoman affairs. Probably around 1515, Spandounes wrote the first version of the treatise: On the Origin of the Ottoman Emperors. In 1538 he dedicated the final version to Dauphin Henry from France. As suggested by the title, the main objective of Spandounes’s treatise was to explain how the Ottomans rose in a relatively short time from humble beginnings to their current mighty state. The article presents the usefulness of Spandounes’ treatise as a source for the study of the elite in the Ottoman Empire. The author came to the following conclusions: 1) The treaty is a very rich source of information on the broadly understood elite in the Turkish Empire. Spandounes is well informed and at the same time is critical of the information he has obtained. 2) When presenting the history of the sultans, the author seems to be relying not only on information from Western sources, but also seems to know (at least to some extent) the historical Turkish tradition. 3) The work of Spandounes provides particularly valuable information on the organization of the Sultan’s court, structure, competences of court and state officials, and military organization. 4) Theodore’s observations on the everyday life of the elite in the Sultan state (interior design, clothes, meals, etc.) are very valuable.

Author Biography

Piotr Wróbel, Jagiellonian University

Dr hab., prof. UJ, mediewista, zajmujący się dziejami Bałkanów i państw basenu Morza Śródziemnego w późnym średniowieczu. Od 1991 r. zatrudniony w Instytucie Historii UJ, najpierw w Pracowni Dydaktyki Historii, a od 1993 r. w Zakładzie Historii Średniowiecznej Powszechnej. W 1997 r. obronił pracę doktorską, a w 2010 r. pracę habilitacyjną na Wydziale Historycznym UJ. W latach 2008–2011 kierownik studiów licencjackich mediteraneistyka; od 2012 r. kierownik Zakładu Historii Średniowiecznej Powszechnej; w latach 2012–2020 zastępca dyrektora, a od 2020 r. dyrektor Instytutu Historii UJ. Autor monografii: Krzyż i Półksiężyc. Zachodnie Bałkany w latach 1444–1463 (Kraków 2000); Dubrownik w latach 1358–1526. Organizacja przestrzeni (Kraków 2010). Współautor przekładów (wraz z J. Bonarkiem) Filip de Diversis, Opis Dubrownika (Kraków 2004); Benedykt Cotruglio, Księga o sztuce handlu (Kraków 2007); Ludwik Tuberon de Crieva, Pamiętniki o czasach moich (Kraków 2016).

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The Elites in the Ottoman Empire in the 16th Century in the Light of Theodor Spandounes’ Treatise On the Origin of the Ottoman Emperors

Abstract

Author Biography

References