Niedopasowanie kompetencji w organizacjach o zróżnicowanej wielkości

Wojciech Jarecki; Marek Kunasz

doi:10.35765/pk.2023.410202.23

Wojciech Jarecki Uniwersytet Szczeciński https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4463-7607
Marek Kunasz Uniwersytet Szczeciński https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1577-0425

DOI: https://doi.org/10.35765/pk.2023.410202.23

Keywords: competences, labor market, recruitment

Abstract

The study analyzed the degree of matching competencies in organizations depending on the size of the examined entity. The work is theoretical and empirical. The empirical part analyzes competency mismatches focused mainly on the group of university graduates. They are rarely conducted in enterprises in the context of team matching to the importance of individual competences in employment. The text fills in this gap. It presents selected theoretical concepts of competency mismatches and the results of empirical research on a group of enterprises of various sizes, which was carried out as part of a project implemented by the University of Szczecin and financed by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education.

The research showed that the image of the assessment of the employee teams of the surveyed entities corresponds to the respondents’ perception of the importance of the competences and personal characteristics in question. The median of assessments of the importance of competences and personal characteristics when employing and assessing the potential of the existing team does not indicate significant differences in the groups of enterprises distinguished by their size, although such differences are already visible at the level of individual competency bundles under consideration.

Author Biographies

Wojciech Jarecki, Uniwersytet Szczeciński

Dr hab., prof. US, specjalizuje się w zakresie rekrutacji, etyki w biznesie, kosztów i efektów edukacji, rynku pracy. Zainteresowania badawcze dotyczą w szczególności migracji, rekrutacji i efektywności edukacji wyższej. Wykładowca Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego (Katedra Zarządzania Kapitałem Ludzkim). Członek Stowarzyszenia Przedsiębiorców i Pracodawców Katolickich w Szczecinie, stypendysta rządu szwajcarskiego w uniwersytetach w St. Gallen i Fryburgu. Monografie: Rekrutacja pracowników, Szacowanie kosztów i efektów kształcenia ekonomicznego na poziomie wyższym, współautor monografii: Gospodarowanie kapitałem ludzkim.

Marek Kunasz, Uniwersytet Szczeciński

Dr hab., prof. US, specjalizuje się w zakresie gospodarowania kapitałem ludzkim (szczególnie teoria kapitału ludzkiego i intelektualnego, pomiar kapitału ludzkiego i intelektualnego w gospodarce i w organizacji), rynku pracy oraz zarządzania zasobami ludzkimi (szkolenie i doskonalenie zawodowe, systemy motywacyjne, patologie zarządzania ludźmi). Wykładowca Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego (Kierownik Katedry Zarządzania Kapitałem Ludzkim). Autor lub współautor wielu monografii, m.in.: Zarządzanie procesami, Podstawy zarządzania zasobami ludzkimi, Gospodarowanie kapitałem ludzkim.

References

Allen, J. i van der Velden, R. (2001). Educational mismatches versus skill mismatches: effects on wages, job satisfaction and on-the-job search. Oxford Economic Papers, Vol. 53, No. 3, 434–452.

Becker, G. (1964). Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis, with Special Reference to Education. Chicago: The University of Chi-cago Press.

Bemmami, K-E., Maire, J-L., Gzara, L., Courtin, C. i Pouydebat, O. (2021). Toward a New Model of Competences in Work Situations. IFAC PapersOnLine, No 54/1, 1150–1155

Buchel, F. i Mertens, A. (2004). Overeducation, Undereducation and the Theory of Career Mobility. Applied Economics, Vol. 36, No. 8, 803–816.

Buttler, D. (2014). Niedopasowania kompetencyjne i kwalifikacyjne ab-solwentów Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Poznaniu. Edukacja Eko-nomistów i Menedżerów. Problemy. Innowacje. Projekty, nr 2, 127–141.

Cable, D.M. i Edwards J.R. (2004). Complementary and supplementary fit: A theoretical and empirical integration. Journal of Applied Psy-chology, Vol. 89, No. 5, 875–884.

Cappelli, P.H. (2015). Skill gaps, skill shortages, and skill mismatches: Evidence and arguments for United States. Industrial and Labor Rela-tions Review, vol. 68, no. 2, 251–290. DOI: 10.1177/0019793914564961.

Capsada-Munsech, Q. (2017). Overeducation: Concept, Theories and Empirical Evidece. Sociology Compass, Vol. 11, No. 10, 1–17.

Chuang, Y. i Liang, C. (2022). Overeducation and skill mismatch of univer-sity graduates in Taiwa. Review of Development Economics, Vol. 26, No. 3, 1693–171.

Cohn, E. i Khan, S.P. (1995). The wage effects of overschooling revisited. Labour Economics, nr 2, 67–76.

De Santis, M.O., Gáname, M.C. i Moncarz, P.E. (2022). The Impact of Overeducation on Wages of Recent Economic Sciences Graduates. Social Indicators Research, Vol. 163, No. 1, 409–445.

Dolado, J.J., Jimeno, J.F. i Felgueroso, F. (2000). Youth Labour Markets in Spain: education, Training and Crowding Out. European Economic Re-view, Vol. 44, No. 4–6, 943–956.

Elliott-Engel, J., Westfall-Rudd, D., Seibel, M., Kaufman, E. i Radhakrishna, R. (2021). Extension Administrators’ Perspectives on Employee Competencies and Characteristics. Journal of Extension, Vol. 59, No. 3, Article 3.

Filipowicz, G. (2014). Zarządzanie kompetencjami zawodowymi. War-szawa: Wolters Kluwer.

Fletcher, L., Bailey, C., Alfes, K. i Madden, A. (2020). Mind the context gap: a critical review of engagement within the public sector and an agenda for future research. The International Journal of Human Re-source Management, Vol. 31, No. 1, 6–46. DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2019.1674358.

Freeman, R. (1976). The overeducated American. Cambridge: Academic Press.

Frenette, M. (2004). The Overqualified Canadian Graduate: The Role of the Academic Program in the Incidence, Persistence and Economic Returns to Overqualification. Economics of Education Review, Vol. 23, No. 1, 29–45.

Garcia-Aracil, A. i van der Velden, R. (2008). Competencies for young European higher education graduates: labor market mismatches and their payoffs. Higher Education, Vol. 55, No. 2, 219–239.

Hartog, J. (2001). On human capital and individual capabilities. Review of Income & Wealth, Vol. 47, No. 4, 515–540.

Jarecki, W., Kunasz, M. i Skoczylas, W. (2018). Aktywizacja zawodowa i badawcza członków Uniwersytetów Trzeciego Wieku. Szczecin: Vo-lumina.

Jeruszka, U. (2015). Kompetencje. Aspekty teoretyczne i praktyczne. Warszawa: Difin.

Karasek, R.A. (1979). Job demands, job decision latitude and mental strain. Implications for job redesign. Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 24, No. 2, 285–308.

Kiersztyn, A. (2011). Racjonalne inwestycje czy złudne nadzieje: nadwyż-ka wykształcenia napolskim rynku pracy. Polityka Społeczna, nr 1, 7–14.

Kim, H.K., Ahn, S.C. i Kim, J. (2016). The Income Penalty of Vertical and Horizontal Education-Job Mishmatches in the Korean Youth Labor Market: A Quantile Regression Approach. Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics, Vol. 57, No. 1, 67–90.

Kuok, A.C.H. i Taormina, R.J. (2017). Work Engagement: Evolution of the concept and a new inventorty. Psychological Thought, vol. 10, no. 2, 262–287, 2017. DOI: 10.5964/psyct.v10i2.236.

Kupczyk, T. (2021). Self-Assessment of Digital Competencies among Em-ployees and Non-working People of Generation Z in the Economy 4.0. European Research Studies Journal, Vol. 24, No.1, 677–688.

McClelland, D.C. (1973). Testing for Competence rather than for Intelli-gence. The American Psychologist, Vol. 28, No. 1, 1–14.

McGuinness, S. (2006). Overeducation in the Labour Market. Journal of Economic Surveys, Vol. 20, No. 3, 387–418.

Nielsen, K., Dawson, J., Hasson, H. i Schwarz, U. (2021). What About Me? The Impact of Employee Change Agents’ Person-role Fit on Their Job Satisfaction During Organisational Change. International Journal of Work, Health & Organisations, Vol. 35, No. 1, 1–17.

Oktavia, J., Eva, N. i Achmad, G. (2020). The correlation of psychological well-being with work engagement of millenial workers in Malang city. IcoPsy: International Conference of Psychology, KnE Social Sciences, 336–351. DOI: 10.18502/kss.v4i5.8222.

Oleksyn, T. (2010). Zarządzanie kompetencjami. Warszawa: Wolters Kluwer.

Peiro, J.M., Agut, S. i Grau, R. (2010). The Relationship between Overed-ucation and Job Satisfaction among Young Spanish Workers: the Role of Salary, Contract of Employment, and Work Experience. Journal of Applied Social Pscyhology, Vol. 40, No. 3, 666–689.

Peiró, J.M., Bayona, J.A., Caballer, A. i Di Fabio, A. (2020). Importance of work characteristics affects job performance: The mediating role of individual dispositions on the work design-performance relationships. Personality and Individual Differences, Vol. 157, 1–11.

Purjani, N. i Riana, I. (2019). The implication of persoon-job fit and per-soon-organization fit on organizational citizenship behaviour. Interna-tional Journal of Science and Research, Vol. 8, No. 9, 1625–1630.

Ross, E. i van Willigen, M. (1997). Education and the subjective quality of life. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Vol. 38, No. 3, 275–297.

Rumberger, R.W. (1981). The rising incidence of overeducation in the U.S. labor market. Economics of Education Review, Vol. 1, No. 3, 293–314.

Sattinger, M. (1993). Asignment Models of the Distribution of Earnings. Journal of Economic Literature, Vol. 31, No. 2, 851–880.

Sharma, A. i Nambudiri, R. (2020). Work engagement, job crafting and innovativeness in the Indian IT industry. Personnel Review, vol. 49, no. 7, 1381–1397. DOI: 10.1108/PR-11-2019-0607.

Schultz, T.W. (1961). Investment in Human Capital. American Economic Review, Vol. 51, No. 1, 1–17.

Sedlaczek, J. i Zelenka, M. (2021). The Effects of Education-Job (Mis)match on the Earnings of Graduates in the Czech Republic. Re-view of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 21, No. 2, 105–150.

Sicherman, N. i Galor, O. (1990). A Theory of Career Mobility. Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 98, No. 1, 169–192.

Sloane, P.J. (2003). Much ado about nothing? What does the overeduca-tion literature really tells us. W: F. Büchel, A. De Grip i A. Mertens (red.), Overeducation in Europe. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 11–49.

Smith, H.L. (1986). Overeducation and Underemployment: An Agnostic Review. Sociology of Education, Vol. 59, No. 2, 85–99.

Smółka, S. (2008). Kompetencje społeczne. Metody pomiaru i doskonalenia umiejętności interdyscyplinarnych. Kraków: Oficyna Ekonomiczna.

Springer, A. (2018). Kompetencje i satysfakcja. Identyfikacja, ocena i znaczenie dopasowania. Warszawa: Difin.

Sun, H. i Kim, G. (2022). The wage effects of overeducation across overall wage distribution on university graduates: incidence, heterogeneity and comparison. International Journal of Manpower, Vol. 43, No. 5, 1144–1165.

Szydło, R., Wiśniewska, S., Tyrańska, M., Dolot, A., Bukowska, U. i Koczyński, M. (2021). Employer Expectations Regarding the Com-petencies of Employees on the Energy Market in Poland. Energies, No. 14.

Thurow, L. (1972). Education and Economic Equality. The Public Interest, Vol. 28, 66–81.

Thurow, L. (1975). Generating Inequality. New York: Basic Books.

Wardani, L.M.I. i Fatimah, S. (2020). Worker Competence and Its Effect on Work Engagement: Research on Workers with Horizontal Educa-tion Mismatch (in Indonesia). Jurnal Psikologi Sosial, vol. 18, no. 1, 73–85. DOI: 10.7454/jps.2020.09.

Woźniak, J. (2011). O pojęciu kompetencji jako podstawie modelu kom-petencyjnego, czyli cztery znaczenia terminu „kompetencje” w naukach o zarządzaniu. Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Bankowej w Poznaniu, nr 34, 11–21.

Mismatch of Competences in Organizations of Various Sizes

Abstract

Author Biographies

References