Kompetencje 4K a poczucie skuteczności nauczycieli edukacji wczesnoszkolnej (raport i prognoza na lata 2020–2030)

Słowa kluczowe: kompetencje 4K, poczucie własnej skuteczności nauczycieli, edukacja eczesnoszkolna, STEAM, kompetencje XXI wieku, TIK, AI

Abstrakt

Celem artykułu jest zbadanie, w jaki sposób kompetencje 4K – Myślenie Krytyczne, Kreatywność, Komunikacja i Kooperacja – są wdrażane w edukacji podstawowej w l. 2020–2030, w Polsce w porównaniu do innych krajów. Badania poruszają problem nierównomiernego wdrażania założeń 4K do praktyki szkolnej. Analizują, w jaki sposób strategie krajowe, systemy rozwoju zawodowego i inicjatywy technologiczne kształtują kompetencje uczniów i poczucie własnej skuteczności nauczycieli. Zastosowano narracyjny przegląd literatury, opierając się na danych OECD i badaniach empirycznych w języku angielskim i polskim za lata 2020-2025. Analiza obejmowała cztery etapy: (1) mapowanie ram polityk oświatowych, (2) ocena powiązania 4K z poczuciem własnej skuteczności nauczycieli, (3) ewaluacja modeli pedagogicznych, takich jak STEAM i uczenie się oparte na projektach, oraz (4) analiza wpływu ICT, AI i realiów postpandemicznych. Wyniki pokazują, że wdrożenie jasno określonych standardów 4K i stały rozwój zawodowy (np. Finlandia, Korea) sprzyja wyższemu poczuciu własnej skuteczności nauczycieli, podczas gdy dyskrecjonalne wdrażanie prowadzi do fragmentacji praktyki (np. Polska, USA). Artykuł kończą rekomendacje dotyczące ustawowych deskryptorów 4K, rozwoju zawodowego zorientowanego na STEAM, infrastruktury cyfrowej i wsparcia dobrostanu, wnosząc tym samym nowe, oparte na badaniach perspektywy do refleksji pedagogicznej. Poczucie własnej skuteczności jest wyższe, gdy szkolenia 4K obejmują obecną i przyszłą kadrę, co sugeruje dalsze badania kształcenia przyszłych nauczycieli wczesnej edukacji, tak aby do 2030 roku przygotować edukatorów i uczniów do złożonej, bogatej w technologie przyszłości.

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Opublikowane
2025-09-30
Jak cytować
Ziębakowska-Cecot, K. (2025). Kompetencje 4K a poczucie skuteczności nauczycieli edukacji wczesnoszkolnej (raport i prognoza na lata 2020–2030). Edukacja Elementarna w Teorii i Praktyce, 20(3(78), 43-55. https://doi.org/10.35765/eetp.2025.2078.03