Plays and Toys of the Early Childhood Age in the Contemporary World
Abstract
Plays and toys of the early childhood age in contemporary world are the subject of this study. Portraying chosen problems associated with tendencies of the early technological initiation of the child is a purpose of the author, since “the childhood largely is taking place in the cyberspace – the world of the small child is increasingly virtual (…)”. A contemporary child, in the physical and social space without the participation of technology, plays when the parent is prudent, when the child is in the preschool or nursery school - when he/she is in the space of an institution, because - apart from the cyberspace - today childhood is settled in the institutional environment. The author also discusses the exaggerated use of didactic activities in early childhood, reaching the conclusion that play should be a privilege of children in the early childhood and preschool age. Older children, in general, are deprived of the privilege of playing, because our fast-developing civilization oppresses children, making them “collect points” and think about rivalry at school and their future professional career. The study also considers the meaning of the play in the child’s development until the agre of three, and the pedagogical and psychological concepts concerning the meaning of the exploration and free play in the life of the child. Moreover, the author is reflecting on the instrumentalization of the contemporary play by leading the child into world of electronic toys.
References
Appelt K., Mielcarek M., Opieka i wychowanie. Wczesne dzieciństwo, [w:] Niezbędnik Dobrego Nauczyciela. Edukacja w okresie dzieciństwa i dorastania, red. A.I. Brzezińska, Instytut Badań Edukacyjnych, Warszawa 2014.
Arnold C., Sharing Ideas whit Parents about Key Child Development Concepts, [w:] Involving Parents in their Children’ s Learning, ed. M. Whalley Sage, London 2009.
Birch A., Psychologia rozwojowa w zarysie, Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa 2007.
Eliot L., Co się tam dzieje, Wydawnictwo Media Rodzina, Poznań 2003.
Eppler M.A., Development of Manipulatory Skills and the Deployment of Attention, „Infant Behavior and Development”, 1995, nr 18.
Follari L., Foundations and Best Practices in Early Childhood Education: History, Theories, and Approaches to Learning, Pearson 2015.
Gardner H., Developmental Psychology, Little, Brown & Co., Boston 1982.
Kabacińska-Łuczak K., Żołądź-Strzelczyk D. (red.), Zabawka – przedmiot ludyczny i obiekt kolekcjonerski, Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, Poznań 2016.
Klichowska A., Bliżej natury – o tendencjach kształtowania przestrzeni rozwoju dziecka, [w:] Świat małego dziecka. Przestrzeń instytucji, cyberprzestrzeń i inne przestrzenie dzieciństwa, red. H. Krauze-Sikorska, M. Klichowski, Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, Poznań 2017.
Kram A., Mielcarek M., Wczesna edukacja dziecka. Wiek 0 – 2/3, [w:] Niezbędnik Dobrego Nauczyciela. Edukacja w okresie dzieciństwa i dorastania, red. A.I. Brzezińska, Instytut Badań Edukacyjnych, Warszawa 2014.
Krauze-Sikorska H., Klichowski M., Wstęp. O przestrzeniach dzieciństwa, [w:] Świat małego dziecka. Przestrzeń instytucji, cyberprzestrzeń i inne przestrzenie dzieciństwa, red. ciż, Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, Poznań 2017.
Obuchowska I., Kochać i rozumieć. Ciąg dalszy, Media Rodzina, Poznań 2000.
Przetacznik-Gierowska M., Tyszkowa M., Psychologia rozwoju człowieka, Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa 1996.
Rura G., Zabawa jako podstawowa aktywność dziecka, [w:] Dziecko do lat trzech w systemie opieki i edukacji. Źródła wsparcia i zagrożeń, H. Krauze-Sikorska, K. Kuszak, G. Rura, K. Sadowska, Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, Poznań 2016.
Schaffer H.R., Psychologia dziecka, Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa 2008.
Suchodolski B., Wojnar I., Humanizm i edukacja humanistyczna. Wybór pism, WSiP, Warszawa 1988.
Telka L., Projekt pedagogiczny w działaniu wychowawcy w żłobku, [w:] Wybrane problemy opieki i edukacji dzieci do trzeciego roku życia, red. I. Kopaczyńska, A. Olczak, Fundacja Edukacja – Demokracja – Rozwój, Zielona Góra 2016.
Telka L., Przekształcanie przestrzeni społecznej placówki. Studium społeczno-pedagogiczne na przykładzie żłobków, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, Łódź 2009.
Trawińska H., Zabawy rozwijające dla małych dzieci, Wydawnictwo Akademickie Żak, Warszawa 2016.
Tyszkowa M., Aktywność i działalność dzieci i młodzieży, WSiP, Warszawa 1975.
Wood E., Developming a pedagogy of play, [w:] Early Childhood Education: Society and Culture, ed. A. Anning, J. Cullen, M. Fleer, SAGE, Thousand Oaks CA 2009.
Żołądź-Strzelczyk D., Dziecko w dawnej Polsce, Wydawnictwo Poznańskie, Poznań 2002.
http://www.mzz.lodz.pl/pobierz/broszura1.pdf (dostęp: 7.07.2017).
Copyright (c) 2018 Elementary Education in Theory and Practice
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
- When submitting a text, the author declares that he/she is the Author of the article (hereinafter referred to as the “Work”) and:
- he/she owns the exclusive and unlimited copyright to the Work,
- is entitled to dispose of the copyright to the Work.
Declares that it does not infringe any third party copyrights or legal rights.
Declares that there is no conflict of interest.
2. At the same time, the Author grants the Ignatianum University in Cracowa royalty-free, non-exclusive and territorially unlimited licence to use the Work in the following fields of exploitation:
- recording the Work in a hard copy, as well as on a digital or magnetic medium;
- reproduction of the Work using any technique, without limitation of the number of editions or copies;
- distribution of the Work and its copies on any medium, including marketing, sale, lending, and rental;
- introduction of the Work into a computer memory;
- disseminating the Work in information networks, including in the Internet;
- public performance, exhibition, display, reproduction, broadcasting and re-broadcasting, as well as making the Work available to the public in such a way that everyone can have access to it at a time and place of their own choosing;
- within the scope of dependent rights to the Work, including in particular the right to make necessary changes to the Work resulting from editorial and methodical development, as well as to translate the Work into foreign languages;
The licence is granted from the moment of the transfer of the Work to the Ignatianum University in Cracow. The Ignatianum University in Cracow is entitled to grant further sub-licences to the Work within the scope of the right granted. The licence is time-limited and it is granted for a period of 15 years, starting from the date of its granting.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to publish their text online (e.g. in their institution’s repository or on the institution’s website) before or during the submission process as this may lead to beneficial exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of the published text (See The Effect of Open Access). We recommend using any of the following portals of research associations:
- ResearchGate
- SSRN
- Academia.edu
- Selected Works
- Academic Search