The development of intimacy skills in middle childhood
Abstract
Intimacy is an important feature of mature relationships, but the ability to build and maintain intimacy in adult relationships is developed in earlier periods of development. The article attempts to present both theoretical and empirical data on the development of intimate skills during middle childhood. These changes are taking place in the areas of behavioral, cognitive and emotional development. They are associated with the development of self-disclosure, the ability of taking someone else's perspective and experiencing deep emotions. Some suggestions for raising which stimulates intimate skills during middle childhood were also formed.References
Bee H., Psychologia rozwoju człowieka, Wydawnictwo Zysk i S-ka, Poznań 2004.
Białecka-Pikul M., Co dzieci wiedzą o umyśle i myśleniu, Wydawnictwo UJ, Kraków 2002.
Bowlby J., Attachment, Basic Books, New York 1969.
Damon W., The Social World of the Child, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco 1977.
Dunn J., Children’s Friendships. The Beginnings of Intimacy, Blackwell Publishing, Oxford 2004.
Erikson E., Dzieciństwo i społeczeństwo, Dom Wydawniczy Rebis, Poznań 1997.
Freud Z., Wstęp do psychoanalizy, PWN, Warszawa 1982.
Gottman J.M., How children become friends, „Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development” (1983)48, s. 1-81.
Hartup W.W., Peer relations, [w:] Handbook of child psychology, red. E.M. Hetherington, Wiley, New York 1983, s. 103-196.
Hazan C., Shaver P.R., Attachment as an Organizational Framework for Research on Close Relationships, „Psychological Inquiry” (1994)5, s. 1-22.
Hoffman M.L., Empatia i rozwój moralny, GWP, Gdańsk 2006.
Howes C., Peer interaction of young children, „Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development” (1988)53, s. 1-92.
Łosiak W., Psychologia emocji, Wydawnictwo Akademickie i Profesjonalne, Warszawa 2007.
Prager K.J., The Psychology of Intimacy, The Guilford Press, New York, London 2005.
Rostek I., Dynamika socjalizacji intymności w relacji matka-córka, nieopublikowana praca doktorska 2010.
Rotenberg K.J., Chase N., Development of the reciprocity of self-disclosure, „The Journal of Genetic Psychology” (1992)1, s. 75-86.
Rotenberg K.J., Mann L., The development of the norm of the reciprocity of self-disclosure and it’s function in children’s attraction to peers, „Child Development” (1986)57, s. 1349-1357.
Selman R., The growth of interpersonal understanding, Academic Press, New York 1980.
Stefańska-Klar R., Późne dzieciństwo, [w:] Psychologia rozwoju człowieka, red. B. Harwas-Napierała i J. Trempała, PWN, Warszawa 2000, t. 2, s. 130-163.
Turner J.S., Helms D.B., Rozwój człowieka, WSiP, Warszawa 1999.
Copyright (c) 2016 Elementary Education in Theory and Practice
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
- When submitting a text, the author declares that he/she is the Author of the article (hereinafter referred to as the “Work”) and:
- he/she owns the exclusive and unlimited copyright to the Work,
- is entitled to dispose of the copyright to the Work.
Declares that it does not infringe any third party copyrights or legal rights.
Declares that there is no conflict of interest.
2. At the same time, the Author grants the Ignatianum University in Cracowa royalty-free, non-exclusive and territorially unlimited licence to use the Work in the following fields of exploitation:
- recording the Work in a hard copy, as well as on a digital or magnetic medium;
- reproduction of the Work using any technique, without limitation of the number of editions or copies;
- distribution of the Work and its copies on any medium, including marketing, sale, lending, and rental;
- introduction of the Work into a computer memory;
- disseminating the Work in information networks, including in the Internet;
- public performance, exhibition, display, reproduction, broadcasting and re-broadcasting, as well as making the Work available to the public in such a way that everyone can have access to it at a time and place of their own choosing;
- within the scope of dependent rights to the Work, including in particular the right to make necessary changes to the Work resulting from editorial and methodical development, as well as to translate the Work into foreign languages;
The licence is granted from the moment of the transfer of the Work to the Ignatianum University in Cracow. The Ignatianum University in Cracow is entitled to grant further sub-licences to the Work within the scope of the right granted. The licence is time-limited and it is granted for a period of 15 years, starting from the date of its granting.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to publish their text online (e.g. in their institution’s repository or on the institution’s website) before or during the submission process as this may lead to beneficial exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of the published text (See The Effect of Open Access). We recommend using any of the following portals of research associations:
- ResearchGate
- SSRN
- Academia.edu
- Selected Works
- Academic Search
